The park is always thriving with all sorts of activities the entire year. Nagardhan, situated 38 kms northeast of Nagpur and about 9kms south of Ramtek, is an old town founded by a Suryavanshi King. Main attraction of Nagardhan is the Nagardhan Fort, supposed to be built by Raja Raghuji Bhonsle, a maratha king of the Bhonsale dynasty.
The square shaped palace inside the fort has an outer rampart with bastions and had an inner wall surrounding the buildings.
The main gate of the fort on the north-west side is still in good condition. Inside the fort, nearby the palace there is a well which has two levels underground for people to stay with proper rooms. It also houses an idol of goddess Durga. Sitabuldi Fort in Nagpur Sitabuldi fort, site of the Battle of Sitabuldi, is located atop a small hillock in the middle of Nagpur.
The area surrounding the hillock is now known as Sitabuldi and is an important commercial hub for Nagpur. Inside the fort one can find graves of numerous British soldiers and a cell where Mahatma Gandhi was imprisoned. At present, Sitabuldi fort is the home to the office of the territorial army. The fort opens to the general public only on two national holidays- 26th January and 15th August. The nearby attractions here are the temple of Ganesha Tekdi Ganapati at the back of the hillock, ancient temples of Lord Shiva and Vishnu, squash court, indoor swimming pool and the mausoleum of Nawab Kadar Ali the great grandson of Tipu Sultan near the eastern boundary wall of the fort.
Zero Mile in Nagpur Nagpur lies precisely at the center of the country with the Zero Mile Marker indicating the geographical center of India. The Zero Mile Stone was erected by the British who used this point to measure all the distances.
The Zero Mile Stone consists of four horses and a pillar made up of sandstone. It is located on the south east of Vidhan Bhavan, Nagpur. The English rulers considered Nagpur as the centre of India and hence identified this point and constructed the Zero Mile Stone.
Being at the center of the country, they also had a plan to make Nagpur the second capital city. Marbat Procession. Videos Beyond Hollywood Hungerlust Pioneers of love.
Sridevi Nambiar. Give us feedback. Read Next View. Horn Ok Please Hostel. Ishvarasena started an era commencing in A. Judging by the expansion of this era, Ishvarasena and his descendants seem to have ruled over a large territory comprising Gujarat, Konkan and Western Maharashtra. Hte was followed by nine other kings, whose names, unfortunately, do not occur in the Puranas.
According to the Puranas, the Abhiras ruled for years. They seem, therefore, to have been supplanted in circa A. This royal family took its name from Trikuta or a three-peaked mountain. From inscriptions and coins we get the following genealogy of the Traikutakas:—. The largest of the topas selected for examination appeared to have been one time between twelve and sixteen feet in height. It was much dilapidated, and was penetrated from above to the base, which was built of cut stones.
After digging to the level of the ground and clearing away the material, the workmen came to a circular stone, hollow in the centre, and covered at the top by a piece of gypsum. This contained two small urns, in one of which were small ashes mixed with a ruby, a pearl, small pieces of gold and a small gold box containing a piece of cloth ; in the other a silver box and some ashes were found. Two copper plates containing legible inscriptions in the Lath or cave characters accompanied the urn and these, as far as I have yet been able to decipher them, inform us that the persons buried here were of the Buddhist faith.
The smaller of the copper plates bears an inscription in two lines, the last part of which contains the Buddhist creed. The inscription on the larger copper plates mentions that in the year in the reign of the Traikutakas one Buddharuchi, hailing from the village Kanaka in the Sindhu vishaya, erected at Krishnagiri modern Kanheri the stupa in which the plate was found and which he dedicated to the venerable Sharadvatiputra, the foremost disciple of the Buddha.
The Kanheri plate mentions no king of the Traikutaka family by name, but it probably belongs to the reign of the successor of Vyaghrasena.
During his reign the Trikuta country was invaded by Harishena, the last known Vakataka king, who flourished in circa A. Harishena may not have supplanted the ruling dynasty. As in other cases, he may have been satisfied with exacting tribute from it. I Vol. The coins of Krishnaraja, the earliest known Kalachuri king, have been found in the islands of Bombay and Sashti as well as in the districts of Nasik and Satara. In Bombay they were discovered in the former village of Cavel, which once covered the land now divided by the Kalbadevi road into Cavel proper and old Hanuman lane.
XX, p. These coins weighing about 33 grains are imitated from the western issues of the Gupta King Skandagupta. In the copper-plate grants of the Kalachuris, Shankaragana, the son of Krishnaraja, is described as the lord of the countries between the eastern and western seas. Konkan must, therefore, have been included in the Kalachuri empire, but no grants of land by the Kalachuris have yet been found as they have been in Gujarat and northern Maharashtra.
Konkan was probably given by them to a feudatory family. As we shall see later, it was ruled by the Mauryas, who probably acknowledged the suzerainty of the Kalachuris. Krishnaraja, the first known Kalachuri king, rose to power in circa A. D and ruled from Mahishmati.
His coins, have been found over a wide territory extending from Rajputana in the north to Maharashtra in the south and from Konkan in the west to Vidarbha in the east. Krishnaraja was succeeded by his son Shankaragana, who like his father, was ruling over an extensive kingdom extending from Malwa in the north to at least the Nasik and Aurangabad districts in the south.
Shankaragana was succeeded by his son Buddharaja, who was involved in a struggle with the Early Chalukya king Mangalesha on the southern frontier of his kingdom soon after his accession. He received a crushing defeat, but his adversary could not follow up his victory owing to internal dissensions. Buddharaja, therefore, continued to hold his kingdom in tact.
As stated before, north Konkan was ruled by the Mauryas, who were probably feudatories of the Kalachuris. Their capital was Puri, which has not yet been satisfactorily identified. Various places have been mentioned as possible sites of this capital, viz. But Thane, Sopara and Chaul were known by other names in ancient times and have besides, been mentioned together with Puri in some inscriptions.
Gharapuri or Elephanta is too small an island to have served as a capital and as pointed out by Cousens, during the greater part of the monsoon it is cut off to a great extent by rough seas. Cousens proposed to locate the place at a site about a mile north of Marol village in the island of Sashti Cousens,Mediavel Temples in the Deccan,p. This site is not far from Sthanaka Thane , which is mentioned in many grants as the place of royal residence.
This site is not, however, known by the name of Puri at present and has not many ancient remains such as one would expect at the site of a royal capital. Another identification suggested is with Rajapuri in the former Janjira State, but this place would be too far south for a capital of the Northern Shilaharas.
The question cannot be definitely settled in the absence of conclusive evidence, but the fact that the only known stone inscription of the Mauryas was found at Vada in the Thane district may lend colour to the location of Puri as suggested by Cousens.
As stated before, the Mauryas were ruling in North Konkan in the sixth and the early part of the seventh century A. The Kalachuris, who were fervent devotees of Maheshvara, must have erected splendid temples in honour of their ishta-devata, but none have been discovered so far. But some cave-temples dedicated to Shiva in this period may have been carved under the patronage of the Kalachuiis.
Walter Spink, who has minutely studied the architecture and sculpture of these cave temples, thus describes them:—" It is not surprising that the three most important Hindu cave temples in the Konkan, all created between about and A.
The first of these was at Jogeshvari, near the present centre of Bombay; it contains no less than four separate images of the meditating lord. This little known monument is usually assigned incorrectly to a late period. Actually, it is a crucial missing link between the late fifth century Vakataka excavations in Vidarbha and the other early sixth century Kalachuri excavations in the Konkan.
Indeed Jogeshvari is the earliest major Hindu cave temple in India and in terms of total length ' the largest'. Jogeshvari contains no inscriptions which fix its date, but it was conceived on such a scale and appears upon the stage of history so dramatically and so suddenly that one must assume it to be the product of a strong and rich patronage.
Spink refers the cave temples at Manda-peshvar and Elephanta to the same age. The temple at the former place, about two Km. In the middle of the back wall there is a garbhagriha, now empty, with two pillars in front. The temple was evidently dedicated to Shiva; for in a room to the left of the Mandapa there is still a large sculpture of dancing Shiva with accompanying figures.
The excavation of the Elephanta caves is attributed by some to the Maurya kings who were ruling in North Konkan in the sixth and early part of the seventh century A.
But they were only a feudatory family which could hardly have financed such a great and magnificent work of art. The Early Kalachuris who had an extensive empire in that age were probably responsible for it.
There is another circumstance which supports this conjecture. The cave temple was caused to be carved by the Pashupatas. This is indicated by the figure of Lakulisha, the founder of the Pashupata sect, in the recess at the north end of the shrine in the western court of the caves.
It is noteworthy that the Kalachuri emperors were followers of the Pashupata sect. From a Kalachuri grant we know that the queen Ananta-mahayi was a Pashupata-rajni.
It seems plausible therefore that the Elephanta caves were caused to be excavated by the Kalachuris in the second half of the sixth century A. The Chalukyas of Badami rose to power in the first half of the sixth century A.
The Badami stone inscription of Pulakeshin I, who is the first independent king of the family, is dated in the year A. Vol, XVII, p. Like the Nalas, who are known to have flourished thereafter also, the Mauryas were not completely exterminated, but continued to reign in North Konkan till the time of Pulakeshin II as we shall see hereafter.
When Kirtivarman died, his son Pulakeshin II was a minor. So his younger brother Mangalesha succeeded him. He defeated Buddharaja, the Kalachuri king who was ruling over North Maharashtra, Gujarat and Malwa, and also Svamiraja of the Chalukya family, who was governing the Revati-dvipa modern Redi in the Sindhudurg district. Mangalesha's reign ended in disaster and he lost his life in a civil war with his nephew Pulakeshin II. Just about this time the Chalukya kingdom was invaded by one Govinda, who probably belonged to the Rashtrakuta family ruling from Manapura in the Satara district.
Pulakeshin adopted a conciliatory policy in dealing with him as he was a powerful foe. His descendants do not, however, seem to have held southern Maharashtra for a long time; for Pulakeshin soon annexed both southern and northern Maharashtra and extended the northern limit of his kingdom to the Narmada. That he ousted the Rashtrakutas from southern Maharashtra is shown by the Satara plates of his brother Vishnuvardhana, which record the grant of a village on the southern bank of the Bhima.
Pulakeshin also defeated the Kalachuri king Buddharaja and annexed his kingdom. He is said to have thereby become the lord of three Maharashtras containing ninety-nine thousand villages. The three Maharashtras were evidently northern Maharashtra, Kuntala or southern Maharashtra and Vidarbha. We know that the Rashtrakutas of Vidarbha, who were previously feudatories of the Kalachuris, transferred their allegiance to the Chalukyas and began to date their records in the Shaka era like them.
Two grants of this feudatory Rashtrakuta family have been found in Vidarbha-one dated Shaka being discovered near Akola and the other dated Shaka , at Multai in the Betul district now in Madhya Pradesh.
Their capital was Padmanagara, which is probably identical with Padmapura near Amgaon in the Bhandara district, once a capital of the Vakatakas. XI, p. XXXII, p. Pulakeshin next invaded Puri, the capital of the Mauryas, which is described in the Aihole inscription as the goddess of fortune of the Western Ocean. He attacked it with hundreds of ships as large as rutting elephants. The Maurya ruler was probably killed in the encounter and his kingdom was annexed. Thereafter North Konkan was probably under the direct rule of Pulakeshin like the adjoining Nasik district, where a copper-plate grant of his, has been discovered.
The capital of Pulakeshin in the beginning of his reign was Badami in the Bijapur district. This shows that he must have visited him somewhere in Maharashtra. After the overthrow of the Kalachuris, Pulakeshin II divided their extensive empire among his relatives and trusted chiefs.
South Gujarat, extending from the Kim in the north to the Damanganga in the south, was placed in charge of a Sendraka chief. The Sendrakas ruled over this territory and also in Konkan for three generations. The founder of the family was Bhanushakti alias Nikumbha. His son was Adityashakti and the latter's son was Allashakti.
Pulakeshin II was killed in battle at Badami in circa A. Pulakeshin II was succeeded by his son Vikramaditya I after a long continued struggle. From the Manor plates of Mangalarasa discovered recently this event seems to have taken place in A. Jayasimha's younger son Mangalarasa, who assumed the biruda Jayashraya, is known to have made three land grants.
Of these the second grant of Mangalarasa was found at Balsad in the Surat district. It has not yet been published, but it also was probably made in North Konkan as it is dated in the Shaka year A. Had it been made in Gujarat, it would have been dated in the Abhira era, which was then current there. Mangalarasa ruled from Mangalapuri, which was probably founded by him. It is identified by some with Magathan Mangalashthana , about half a mile east of the Borivli station, which contains several ancient remains of stupas and chaityas.
From two copper-plate inscriptions recently discovered at Anjaneri, a village near Trimbak in the Nasik district, we have come to know of another feudatory family which ruled over Northern Konkan and the Nasik district in the seventh and eighth century A. I, Vol,IV This family claimed descent from Harishchandra the famous legendary king of the solar race. Svamichandra, who rose to power in the reign of Vikramaditya I, was the founder of this family.
He is said to have ruled over the entire Puri-Konkan country comprising fourteen thousand villages. Svamichandra was treated by Vikramaditya I as his own son and was placed in charge of North Konkan. This was perhaps before the appointment of Dharashraya-Jayasimha to the same post. Three generations of this family are known from the two sets of Anjaneri plates. Svamichandra, his son Simhavarman and the latter's son Bhoga-shakti alias Prithivichandra, who made the grants.
Bhogashakti is said to have brought by his valour the whole territory of his dominion under his sway. This was probably at the time of the Chalukya Emperor Vinayaditya's death A. The second set of Anjaneri plates tells us that Bhogashakti granted certain rights, privileges and exemptions to the merchants of Samagiripattana when he resettled the town and the neighbouring villages sometime after their devastation.
Bhogashakti's successor was probably overthrown by the Rashtrakuta king Dantidurga, who, from his Ellora plates, is known to have occupied the Nasik district some time before A. Kirtivarman continued to rule for a few years more, but he had lost the paramount position in the Deccan. The Early Chalukyas were devotees of Vishnu, but during their time Buddhism continued to flourish as before in Maharashtra and Konkan.
The Rashtrakutas, who succeeded the Early Chalukyas in the Deccan, originally hailed from Lattalura modern Latur when they rose to power, they were probably in the Aurangabad district, where their earlier records have been found. His Ellora Cave inscription records his victories over the rulers of Kanchi, Kalinga, Shrishaila, Malva, Tanha and Lata, but they do not all seem to have resulted in the acquisition of new territory, Though there is much exaggeration in the description of his conquests, there is no doubt that he ruled over Karnataka, Konkan, Maharashtra, Vidarbha and Gujarat.
Dantidurga soon extended his rule to North Konkan. This is shown by his Manor plates dated in the Shaka year A. Dantidurga appointed a governor named Aniruddha to govern the territory. Krishna I was not only a great conqueror but also a great builder and caused the great Shiva temple at Ellora to be carved out of solid rock. Soon after his accession Govinda II abandoned himself to a life of pleasure. He left the administration to his younger brother Dhruva.
The latter took advantage of the opportunity and began to secure all power for himself. He also made land-grants in his own name though Govinda II was then the de jure king. Govinda was subsequently deposed by Dhruva in circa A. Dhruva died soon after this grant was made and was succeeded by his son Govinda III. Govinda III proved to be a great conqueror. Most of these were issued from Mayurakhandi, which was evidently his capital.
It has not yet been identified. Govinda III was succeeded by his son Amoghavarsha I, who was a man of peaceful disposition, but whose reign was full of troubles. He had first to fight with the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, then the Gangas of Gangavadi and also his relatives in Gujarat. He placed Pullashakti I in charge of North Konkan. The latter states in his Kanheri cave inscription that he was ruling over the entire Puri-konkan country by the favour of Amoghavarsha I. His younger brother Govinda IV came to the throne thereafter.
He was known for his liberality and rightly had the biruda Suvarnavarsha the gold-rainer. The Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta and the Kalachuris of Tripuri were matrimonially connected and their relations were generally cordial.
But in the reign of Govinda IV, they became strained. He probably belonged to the feudatory Rashtrakuta family ruling in Vidarbha. A sanguinary battle was fought on the bank of the Payoshni near Achalapur between the Rashtrakuta and Kalachuri forces, in which the latter became victorious.
Like some of his ancestors, Kiishna also led an expedition in North India and captured the forts of Kalanjara and Chitrakuta. He succeeded his father in A. Within six years his large empire crumbled like a house of cards. He defeated and killed in battle Karka II, the last Rashtrakuta king and captured his capital Manyakheta. He had to fight against the Cholas, the Pandyas and the Paramaras. He ascended the throne in A. He had to fight against the Cholas, the Chalukyas of Gujarat and the Hoysalas and signally defeated them.
He married a Shilahara princess at a svayamvara held at Karhad. His reign is renowned on account of some learned men who flourished at his court. Bilhana, who was patronised by him, wrote the Vikramankadevacharita, which is the poetical biography of Vikramaditya. Another great writer who flourished at his court was Vijnaneshvara, the author of the well-known Mitakshara, a commentary on the Yajnavalkya Smriti.
The Kela-churi usurpation lasted for more than two decades. During the reign of Bijjala a religious revolution took place at Kalyani, the capital of the Later Chalukyas. Basava, who was the prime minister of Bijjala propounded a new doctrine called Lingayata. In a palace revolution Bijjala was killed by a follower of Basava and Kalyani was devastated. This event took place in A. In about A. The Chalukyas were, however, soon overthrown by the Yadava prince Bhillama, who rose to power in this period.
During the Rashtrakuta period a feudatory family established itself in the northern and southern Konkan and also in the southern Maratha country comprising the districts of Kolhapur, Miraj, Satara and Belgaum. They bore the title of Tagarapura-var-adhishvara, which indicates that they originally hailed from Tagara modern Ter in the Osmanabad district. All the branches of this family traced their descent from the mythical Vidyadhara prince Jimutavahana, who offered to sacrifice himself to rescue a Naga from the clutches of Garuda.
The family name Shilahara meaning ' food on a rock' is supposed to have been derived from this incident. The Shilaharas of South Konkan rose to power as feudatories of the Rashtrakutas. Sanaphulla, the founder of this family, is said to have had the favour of Krishnaraja, who is evidently the first Rashtrakuta king of that name. Rattaraja is the last known king of this branch. He declared his independence during the reign of the Later Chalukya king Vikramaditya V, when the imperial power became weak.
But Jayasimha, the younger brother of Vikramaditya, invaded South Konkan, overthrew the reigning king and appropriated his possessions as stated in his Miraj plates dated in A. North Konkan was conquered by the Rashtrakuta king Dantidurga sometime in the second quarter of the eigthth century A. Since then North Konkan came to be known as Kapardika-dvipa or Kavadi-dvipa. The capital of this branch was Puri, after which the country was called Puri-Konkan.
The genealogy of this branch of the Shilaharas ruling over North Konkan may be stated as follows :—. Kapardin I was succeeded by his son Pullashakti, who has left a much abraded inscription in one of the Kanheri caves.
It bore a date at the end, which has now been almost completely effaced. Kielhorn doubtfully read it as shaka The date appears quite plausible; for Pullashakti's son and successor Kapardin II is known from two inscriptions at Kanheri dated shaka and In the Kanheri cave inscription Pullashakti is called Mahasamanta and is described as the lord of Puri-Konkan, which he had obtained by the favour of the Rashtrakuta king Amoghavarsha I.
Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In , Mumbai was named an alpha world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest number of millionaires and billionaires among all cities in India.
0コメント