Which viruses are diploid

Subject to satisfactory results in the testing of the virus product, this system could be highly economic in large-scale vaccine manufacture Au.

Subject Viral Vaccines ; Virus Cultivation. Related items Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject. Barteling 4 described the use of serum from cattle vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease FMD , from which antibodies and other factors which inhibit the replication of virus had been removed by precipitation with Currently available antirabies vaccines prepared from either animal brains or embryonated eggs have the unavoidable disadvantage of products prepared in vivo; the bulk of antigenic material in the vaccine is not viral but Improving basic capacities for regulation of medicines and health technologies through regulatory systems strengthening is particularly challenging in resource-constrained settings.

Viruses contain only a few elements by which they can be classified: the viral genome, the type of capsid, and the envelope structure for the enveloped viruses. All of these elements have been used in the past for viral classification Table 1 and Figure 1.

Viral genomes may vary in the type of genetic material DNA or RNA and its organization single- or double-stranded, linear or circular, and segmented or non-segmented.

In some viruses, additional proteins needed for replication are associated directly with the genome or contained within the viral capsid. Figure 1. Viruses are classified based on their core genetic material and capsid design. Viruses can also be classified by the design of their capsids Table 2 and Figure 2. Capsids are classified as naked icosahedral, enveloped icosahedral, enveloped helical, naked helical, and complex.

The type of genetic material DNA or RNA and its structure single- or double-stranded, linear or circular, and segmented or non-segmented are used to classify the virus core structures Table 2. Figure 2. Transmission electron micrographs of various viruses show their structures.

Genomic technologies are providing infectious disease researchers an unprecedented capability to study at a genetic level the viruses that cause disease and their interactions with infected hosts. An enormous variety of genomic structures can be seen among viral species; as a group, they contain more structural genomic diversity than plants, animals, archaea, or bacteria. There are millions of different types of viruses, although only about 5, of them have been described in detail.

The vast majority of viruses have RNA genomes. Viral genomes are circular, as in the polyomaviruses, or linear, as in the adenoviruses.