Other chapters in Help Me Understand Genetics. Genetics Home Reference has merged with MedlinePlus. Learn more. The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. How do genes direct the production of proteins? From Genetics Home Reference. Topics in the How Genes Work chapter What are proteins and what do they do? Can genes be turned on and off in cells?
What is epigenetics? How do cells divide? How do genes control the growth and division of cells? Further syntheses, in vitro, of copolypeptides containing two amino acids in alternating sequence dependent upon DNA-like polymers containing two nucleotides in alternating sequence. Journal of Molecular Biology 16 , — Leder, P. Cell-free peptide synthesis dependent upon synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 50 , — Nirenberg, M. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of polyphenylalanine directed by synthetic template RNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 48 , — Approximation of genetic code via cell-free protein synthesis directed by template RNA. Federation Proceedings 22 , 55—61 Nishimura, S.
The in vitro synthesis of a co-polypeptide containing two amino acids in alternating sequence dependent upon a DNA-like polymer containing two nucleotides in alternating sequence. Journal of Molecular Biology 13 , — Atavism: Embryology, Development and Evolution. Gene Interaction and Disease. Genetic Control of Aging and Life Span. Genetic Imprinting and X Inactivation.
Genetic Regulation of Cancer. Obesity, Epigenetics, and Gene Regulation. Environmental Influences on Gene Expression. Gene Expression Regulates Cell Differentiation. Genes, Smoking, and Lung Cancer. Negative Transcription Regulation in Prokaryotes. Operons and Prokaryotic Gene Regulation.
Regulation of Transcription and Gene Expression in Eukaryotes. The Role of Methylation in Gene Expression. DNA Transcription. Reading the Genetic Code. Simultaneous Gene Transcription and Translation in Bacteria. Chromatin Remodeling and DNase 1 Sensitivity. Chromatin Remodeling in Eukaryotes. RNA Functions. Smith, Ph. Citation: Smith, A.
Nature Education 1 1 Hidden within the genetic code lies the "triplet code," a series of three nucleotides that determine a single amino acid. How did scientists discover and unlock this amino acid code? Aa Aa Aa. The Codon. Decoding the Genetic Code. Figure 1. Figure Detail. Figure 2. Degeneracy of the Amino Acid Code. Figure 3: The amino acids specified by each mRNA codon. Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.
The codons are written 5' to 3', as they appear in the mRNA. References and Recommended Reading Crick, F. Nature , — link to article Jones, D. Journal of Molecular Biology 16 , — Leder, P. Federation Proceedings 22 , 55—61 Nishimura, S. Article History Close.
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